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What are rocks? What are the 3 basic types of rocks? What are Igneous Rocks? What are rocks made out of? Where do rocks come from? How are rocks the same and different? Do rocks dissolve?v How long does it take to dissolve rocks in nature? What evidence would suggest that these rocks are undergoing chemical weathering? How are igneous rocks formed? How are sedimentary rocks formed? How are metamorphic rocks formed? Igneous Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks Rocks are combinations of one or more minerals that we find in nature. For example: * Limestone is composed of only one mineral – calcite * Basalt is commonly composed of three minerals – feldspar, pyroxene, and olivine v * Granite is commonly composed of five minerals – two kinds of feldspar, mica, amphibole, and quartz Just like minerals, there are many different kinds of rocks. Geologists group rocks into three different categories; igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. * Igneous rockIgneous rocks form from magma or lava * Sedimentary rockSedimentary rocks form from pieces of other rocks or are formed by minerals being precipitated from water * Metamorphic rockMetamorphic rocks form by recrystallizing the minerals in a rock under high pressures or temperatures * There are 5 kinds of igneous rocks, depending on the mix of minerals in the rocks. * Granite contains quartz, feldspar & mica * Diorite contains feldspar & one or more dark mineral. Feldspar is dominant. * Gabbro contains feldspar & one or more dark mineral. The dark minerals are dominant. * Periodotite contains iron and is black or dark. * Pegmatite is a coarse-grained granite with large crystals of quartz, feldspar and mica. * There are 6 main kinds of sedimentary rocks depending on the appearance of the rock. * Conglomerate rock has rounded rocks (pebbles, boulders) cemented together in a matrix. * Sandstone is a soft stone that is made when sand grains cement together. Sometimes the sandstone is deposited in layers of different colored sand. * Shale is clay that has been hardened and turned into rock. It often breaks apart in large flat sections. * Limestone is a rock that contains many fossils and is made of calcium carbonate &/or microscopic shells. * Gypsum, common salt or Epsom salt is found where sea water precipitates the salt as the water evaporates. * Breccia has jagged bits of rock cemented together in a matrix. Marble is an example of a sedimentary rock that has been changed into a metamorphic rock. * Metamorphic rocks are the least common of the 3 kinds of rocks. Metamorphic rocks are igneous or sedimentary rocks that have been transformed by great heat or pressure. * Foliated metamorphic rocks have layers, or banding. o Slate is transformed shale. It splits into smooth slabs. o Schist is the most common metamorphic rock. Mica is the most common mineral. o Gneiss has a streaky look because of alternating layers of minerals. * Non-foliated metamorphic rocks are not layered. o Marble is transformed limestone. o Quartzite is very hard. Rocks - Igneous 1 Give one Feature of Igneous Rocks. 2 Do Igneous Rocks contain Fossils? 3 What is Magma? 4 What type of Rock does the Mantle contain? 5 Name one Metal in the Core of the Earth. 6 Is the Inner Core of the Earth Solid or Liquid? 7 Is Basalt an Extrusive or Intrusive Igneous Rock? 8 Would Basalt have Large or Small Crystals? 9 Is Granite an Extrusive or Intrusive Igneous Rock? 10 Would Granite have Large or Small Crystals? Rocks - Sedimentary 11 What are Sediments? 12 Do Sediments Dissolve in Water? 13 Where have Sediments come from? 14 What is Exfoliation? 15 What is Freeze-thaw Weathering? 16 Is Erosion a Fast or Slow Process? 17 What is Transportation of Sediments? 18 What is Compaction? 19 What type of Rock will Sand produce? 20 Are Young Rocks usually on top or underneath Older Rocks? 21 What substance Cements Sediment Particles together? 22 Where has Limestone come from? 23 Which Chemical Compound is Limestone? 24 Is Coal a Sedimentary Rock? 25 Can Sedimentary Rocks contain Fossils? 26 How do Fossils form? 27 How can Fossils Date a Rock? Rocks - Metamorphic 28 What does Metamorphic mean? 29 Give two conditions needed to make Metamorphic Rock? 30 How does Contact Metamorphism happen? 31 How does Regional Metamorphism happen? 32 What happens to Metamorphic Rock if it is Melted? 33 What Gas is Released if Limestone is Melted? 34 Name one Metamorphic Rock apart from Marble. 35 What Rock has Marble formed from? 36 Which Chemical Compound is Marble? Rocks - Products and Uses 37 Where do All Raw Materials come from? 38 Give one Use of Granite. 39 Give one Use of Powdered Limestone. 40 How can Limestone make Quicklime? 41 Which Chemical Compound is Quicklime? 42 How can Quicklime make Slaked Lime? 43 Which Chemical Compound is Slaked Lime? 44 Give one Use of Slaked Lime. 45 What is Powdered Limestone mixed with to make Cement? 46 What is Cement mixed with to make Concrete? 47 What is Limestone mixed with to make Glass? |